Critical point (K-point)

The part of the landing hill where the slope begins to become more gradual. While an athlete can jump further than the K-point, jumping too far past it can be dangerous as too much force is put on the jumper’s body because of the flat landing. Ski jumps are now measured from the takeoff point (lip) to the K-point, on either the normal hill or large hill.

Start bar

The bar that is placed across the in-run to indicate the starting point for the current conditions. The skier slides out across the bar and sits on it until he has a green light and is ready to begin the descent.

Winch cat

A mechanized snow grooming machine that uses a cable to winch itself up and down the landing hill.

In-run

With each ski in a carved ice track, a jumper skis down the in-run at speeds of up to 96 kilometres per hour. To achieve maximum speed, the jumper assumes a tuck position like a downhill ski racer. This aerodynamic position allows him to maximize speed which, when combined with good timing on the takeoff and good technique in the air, can allow the jumper to fly further down the hill. Ski jumpers cannot use ski poles or any other such aid in order to increase speed.

Takeoff

Takeoff occurs using the force from the legs. The athlete extends upwards, primarily at the ankle, knee and hip, thereby extending his body as far forward as possible. The athlete moves immediately to a V-type position with the tips of his skis spread wider than the tails, forming a foil which allows more lift and a further flight.

Flight

On a typical jump, the skier remains in the air for 5 to 7 seconds and attempts to maintain the V position for as much of the flight time as possible. If jump errors are committed in the first phase but are then corrected, they do not count as penalties. However, those committed during the last part of the jump do count against the athlete.

Landing

While flying is important, landing can’t be overlooked. Each athlete will try to land with his skis parallel and have both skis contact the flattened, prepared snow simultaneously. An athlete will leave his V position immediately before he contacts the ground; the goal landing position is the telemark position (a lunge position). Athletes can land with both feet parallel, but maximum points are gained for a telemark landing.

Deceleration zone

This is the area beyond the landing hill where the athlete begins to decelerate until he stops.

Fall line

The point in the deceleration zone where, once past, no deductions are allowed by the judges should a skier fall.